This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Another one Peter_Schemer — let's solve it. Here are the descriptions of the dot and cross diagrams for the ionic bonds formed: a) Lithium and fluorine 1. Valence Electrons: Lithium (Li) has 1 valence electron. Fluorine (F) has 7 valence electrons. 2. Electron Transfer: Lithium transfers its single valence electron to fluorine. 3. Dot and Cross Diagram Description: The lithium ion is represented as Li^+, having lost its valence electron. Its electron configuration is now stable (like helium). The fluoride ion is represented as [F]^-. It has 8 electrons in its outermost shell: 7 original valence electrons from fluorine (represented by crosses, ×) and 1 electron gained from lithium (represented by a dot, ·). These 8 electrons are shown surrounding the F symbol within square brackets, with a -1 charge outside. 4. Ionic Compound: The ionic compound formed is LiF. b) Sodium and sulphur 1. Valence Electrons: Sodium (Na) has 1 valence electron. Sulphur (S) has 6 valence electrons. 2. Electron Transfer: Two sodium atoms each transfer 1 valence electron to one sulphur atom. 3. Dot and Cross Diagram Description: Each sodium ion is represented as Na^+, having lost its valence electron. Its electron configuration is now stable (like neon). The sulphide ion is represented as [S]^2-. It has 8 electrons in its outermost shell: 6 original valence electrons from sulphur (represented by crosses, ×) and 2 electrons gained from the two sodium atoms (represented by dots, ·). These 8 electrons are shown surrounding the S symbol within square brackets, with a -2 charge outside. 4. Ionic Compound: The ionic compound formed is Na_2S. c) Magnesium and sulphur 1. Valence Electrons: Magnesium (Mg) has 2 valence electrons. Sulphur (S) has 6 valence electrons. 2. Electron Transfer: Magnesium transfers its 2 valence electrons to sulphur. 3. Dot and Cross Diagram Description: The magnesium ion is represented as Mg^2+, having lost its two valence electrons. Its electron configuration is now stable (like neon). The sulphide ion is represented as [S]^2-. It has 8 electrons in its outermost shell: 6 original valence electrons from sulphur (represented by crosses, ×) and 2 electrons gained from magnesium (represented by dots, ·). These 8 electrons are shown surrounding the S symbol within square brackets, with a -2 charge outside. 4. Ionic Compound: The ionic compound formed is MgS. d) Aluminum and nitrogen 1. Valence Electrons: Aluminum (Al) has 3 valence electrons. Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons. 2. Electron Transfer: Aluminum transfers its 3 valence electrons to nitrogen. 3. Dot and Cross Diagram Description: The aluminum ion is represented as Al^3+, having lost its three valence electrons. Its electron configuration is now stable (like neon). The nitride ion is represented as [N]^3-. It has 8 electrons in its outermost shell: 5 original valence electrons from nitrogen (represented by crosses, ×) and 3 electrons gained from aluminum (represented by dots, ·). These 8 electrons are shown surrounding the N symbol within square brackets, with a -3 charge outside. 4. Ionic Compound: The ionic compound formed is AlN. What's next?