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Determine the hybridization of the central atom in CH4 and CCl4.

Chemistry

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2 parts
i

sp3\text{sp}^3

ii

sp3\text{sp}^3

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

Here is the hybridization for each molecule:

Part i· 3 steps

Methane (CH4\text{CH}_4)

  1. Determine the number of valence electrons for the central carbon atom.

    Carbon has 4 valence electrons.

  2. Determine the number of bonds and lone pairs around the central carbon atom.

    In methane, the carbon atom forms 4 single bonds with 4 hydrogen atoms. There are no lone pairs on the carbon atom.
    Total electron domains = 4 (4 bonding pairs + 0 lone pairs).

  3. Assign the hybridization based on the number of electron domains.

    Four electron domains correspond to sp3\text{sp}^3 hybridization.
    The hybridization of carbon in methane is sp3\boxed{\text{sp}^3}.

Part ii

sp3\text{sp}^3

Tetrachloromethane (CCl4\text{CCl}_4)

  1. Determine the number of valence electrons for the central carbon atom.

    Carbon has 4 valence electrons.

  2. Determine the number of bonds and lone pairs around the central carbon atom.

    In tetrachloromethane, the carbon atom forms 4 single bonds with 4 chlorine atoms. There are no lone pairs on the carbon atom.
    Total electron domains = 4 (4 bonding pairs + 0 lone pairs).

  3. Assign the hybridization based on the number of electron domains.

    Four electron domains correspond to sp3\text{sp}^3 hybridization.
    The hybridization of carbon in tetrachloromethane is sp3\boxed{\text{sp}^3}.

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