This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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c) i) An ionic bond is formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically resulting from the complete transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom. A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between two non-metal atoms. ii) The method used for determining the molar mass of a volatile liquid is the Victor Meyer method (or Dumas method). iii) One condition necessary for the formation of hydrogen bonds is that a hydrogen atom must be directly bonded to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F). d) i) The energy cycle diagram combines the following reactions: 1. Complete combustion of methane: CH_4(g) + 2O_2(g) CO_2(g) + 2H_2O(g), H_1 = -890 kJ mol^-1 2. Combustion of carbon monoxide: CO(g) + (1)/(2)O_2(g) CO_2(g), H_2 = -283 kJ mol^-1 3. Incomplete combustion of methane (target reaction): CH_4(g) + (3)/(2)O_2(g) CO(g) + 2H_2O(g), H_incomplete The energy cycle diagram is: c CH_4(g) + 2O_2(g) \\ H_incomplete H_1 \\ CO(g) + 2H_2O(g) + (1)/(2)O_2(g) CO_2(g) + 2H_2O(g) \\ H_2 \\ CO_2(g) + 2H_2O(g) \\ The diagram shows the initial state (CH_4(g) + 2O_2(g)) at the top, the final state ($CO_2