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I will solve the questions based on the provided image, interpreting the blurry text as accurately as possible. I have identified two new titration problems.


Question 2 (Titration 1):

Given:

  • Volume of hydrochloric acid (HCl\text{HCl}) = 20.0 cm3^3
  • Volume of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3) = 20.0 cm3^3
  • Concentration of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3) = 0.02 M

Reaction Equation:

Na2CO3(aq)+2HCl(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3(\text{aq}) + 2\text{HCl}(\text{aq}) \rightarrow 2\text{NaCl}(\text{aq}) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l}) + \text{CO}_2(\text{g})

g) (i) Determine the number of moles of sodium carbonate used.

  1. Convert the volume of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 to dm3^3.

    20.0 cm3=0.020 dm320.0 \text{ cm}^3 = 0.020 \text{ dm}^3
  2. Calculate the moles of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3.

    Moles of Na2CO3=Concentration×Volume\text{Moles of Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = \text{Concentration} \times \text{Volume} Moles of Na2CO3=0.02 mol/dm3×0.020 dm3=0.0004 mol\text{Moles of Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.02 \text{ mol/dm}^3 \times 0.020 \text{ dm}^3 = 0.0004 \text{ mol}

    The number of moles of sodium carbonate used is 0.0004 mol\boxed{0.0004 \text{ mol}}.

    g) (ii) Determine the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.
    From the balanced equation, 1 mole of Na2CO3\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 reacts with 2 moles of HCl\text{HCl}.

    Moles of HCl=2×Moles of Na2CO3\text{Moles of HCl} = 2 \times \text{Moles of Na}_2\text{CO}_3 Moles of HCl=2×0.0004 mol=0.0008 mol\text{Moles of HCl} = 2 \times 0.0004 \text{ mol} = 0.0008 \text{ mol}

    The number of moles of hydrochloric acid used is 0.0008 mol\boxed{0.0008 \text{ mol}}.

    g) (iii) Determine the concentration of the acid in moles per litre.

  3. Convert the volume of HCl\text{HCl} to dm3^3.

    20.0 cm3=0.020 dm320.0 \text{ cm}^3 = 0.020 \text{ dm}^3
  4. Calculate the concentration of HCl\text{HCl}.

    Concentration of HCl=Moles of HClVolume of HCl\text{Concentration of HCl} = \frac{\text{Moles of HCl}}{\text{Volume of HCl}} Concentration of HCl=0.0008 mol0.020 dm3=0.04 mol/dm3\text{Concentration of HCl} = \frac{0.0008 \text{ mol}}{0.020 \text{ dm}^3} = 0.04 \text{ mol/dm}^3

    The concentration of the acid in moles per litre is 0.04 mol/dm3\boxed{0.04 \text{ mol/dm}^3}.


    Question 3 (Titration 2):

    Given:

    • Concentration of NaOH\text{NaOH} solution = 12.4 g/dm3^3
    • Volume of NaOH\text{NaOH} solution used = 25 cm3^3
    • Volume of sulphuric (VI) acid (H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4) solution used = 15 cm3^3
    • Molar masses: Na=23.0, O=16.0, H=1.0, S=32.0

    Reaction Equation:

    H2SO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq)→Na2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l)\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4(\text{aq}) + 2\text{NaOH}(\text{aq}) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4(\text{aq}) + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l})

    a) (i) Find the molarity of NaOH solution.

  5. Calculate the molar mass of NaOH\text{NaOH}.

    Molar mass of NaOH=23.0+16.0+1.0=40.0 g/mol\text{Molar mass of NaOH} = 23.0 + 16.0 + 1.0 = 40.0 \text{ g/mol}
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