I will solve the questions based on the provided image, interpreting the blurry text as accurately as possible. I have identified two new titration problems.
Question 2 (Titration 1):
Given:
• Volume of hydrochloric acid (HCl) = 20.0 cm3
• Volume of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) = 20.0 cm3
• Concentration of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) = 0.02 M
Reaction Equation:
Na2CO3(aq)+2HCl(aq)→2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)
g) (i) Determine the number of moles of sodium carbonate used.
Step 1: Convert the volume of Na2CO3 to dm3.
20.0cm3=0.020dm3
Step 2: Calculate the moles of Na2CO3.
Moles of Na2CO3=Concentration×Volume
Moles of Na2CO3=0.02mol/dm3×0.020dm3=0.0004 mol
The number of moles of sodium carbonate used is 0.0004mol.
g) (ii) Determine the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.
From the balanced equation, 1 mole of Na2CO3 reacts with 2 moles of HCl.
Moles of HCl=2×MolesofNa2CO3
Moles of HCl=2×0.0004mol=0.0008 mol
The number of moles of hydrochloric acid used is 0.0008mol.
g) (iii) Determine the concentration of the acid in moles per litre.
Step 1: Convert the volume of HCl to dm3.
20.0cm3=0.020dm3
Step 2: Calculate the concentration of HCl.
Concentration of HCl=VolumeofHClMolesofHCl
Concentration of HCl=0.020dm30.0008mol=0.04mol/dm3
The concentration of the acid in moles per litre is 0.04mol/dm3.
Question 3 (Titration 2):
Given:
• Concentration of NaOH solution = 12.4 g/dm3
• Volume of NaOH solution used = 25 cm3
• Volume of sulphuric (VI) acid (H2SO4) solution used = 15 cm3
• Molar masses: Na=23.0, O=16.0, H=1.0, S=32.0
Reaction Equation:
H2SO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq)→Na2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l)
a) (i) Find the molarity of NaOH solution.
Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of NaOH.
Molar mass of NaOH=23.0+16.0+1.0=40.0 g/mol