Identify process T, give the name of gas N and solid F, state two uses of lead and name the process in which sodium metal is extracted.

here are the answers to the questions from the image:

5. The flow chart below outlines some of the processes involved during extraction of lead.

• (i) Identify process T. Process T is Concentration (or Froth flotation).

• (ii) Give the name of:

  • Gas N: Carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_2$)
  • Solid J: Slag

• (iii) Give two functions of $\text{CaCO}_3$ in the extraction process.

  1. It decomposes to form calcium oxide ($\text{CaO}$), which acts as a flux.
  2. The flux reacts with acidic impurities (like silica, $\text{SiO}_2$) to form slag, which is easily removed.

• (iv) Write an equation to show how waste product J is formed.

  $$\text{CaO}(s) + \text{SiO}_2(s) \to \text{CaSiO}_3(l)$$

  (where $\text{CaSiO}_3$ is the slag, J)

• (v) Pure lead can be obtained by electrolysis. Identify the anode and cathode for the process.

  • Anode: Impure lead
  • Cathode: Pure lead

• (vi) State two uses of lead.

  1. Used in the manufacture of car batteries (lead-acid batteries).
  2. Used as radiation shielding (e.g., in X-ray rooms).

6.

• (a) Name the process in which sodium metal is extracted. The process is the Downs process.

• (b) What is the function of calcium chloride during extraction of sodium metal? Calcium chloride ($\text{CaCl}_2$) is added to lower the melting point of the electrolyte (molten sodium chloride) from about $801^\circ\text{C}$ to around $600^\circ\text{C}$, which reduces energy costs.