This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
ScanSolve AI Answer
Alright Yano — let's do this. The problem describes an experiment (labeled X) where 0.2g of limestone reacts with excess hydrochloric acid, producing carbon dioxide. A second experiment is then performed using 0.4g of the same limestone granules under identical conditions. We need to identify which curve represents the second experiment. Step 1: Analyze the first experiment (Curve X). From the graph, Curve X shows that the reaction with 0.2g of limestone produces approximately 22cm^3 of carbon dioxide. The curve flattens out, indicating the reaction has completed. Since the acid is in excess, the amount of carbon dioxide produced is limited by the amount of limestone. Step 2: Analyze the changes in the second experiment. The second experiment uses 0.4g of limestone, which is double the amount used in the first experiment (0.4g / 0.2g = 2). All other conditions (temperature, acid concentration, volume of acid, granule size) are identical. Step 3: Determine the total volume of CO_2 produced in the second experiment. Since the amount of limestone is doubled, and limestone is the limiting reactant, the total volume of carbon dioxide produced will also double. Volume of CO_2 for 0.2g limestone ≈ 22cm^3. Volume of CO_2 for 0.4g limestone ≈ 2 × 22cm^3 = 44cm^3. Step 4: Determine the initial rate of reaction in the second experiment. Using 0.4g of the same limestone granules means there is a larger total surface area available for the reaction compared to 0.2g. A larger surface area leads to a faster rate of reaction because there are more sites for collisions between reactant particles. Therefore, the initial slope of the curve for the second experiment should be steeper than Curve X. Step 5: Compare these predictions with the given curves. Curve (i): Reaches a final volume of approximately 44cm^3 and has a steeper initial slope than Curve X. This matches our predictions. Curve (ii): Reaches a final volume of approximately 33cm^3. This is not double the volume of X. Curve (iii): Reaches a final volume of approximately 22cm^3 (same as X). This is incorrect. Curve (iv): Reaches a final volume of approximately 15cm^3 and has a less steep initial slope. This is incorrect. Therefore, Curve (i) correctly represents the results of the second experiment. The final answer is A. Got more? Send 'em.