This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here are the answers to the questions: a) Calculate the mass of calcium oxide that would be obtained when 15 g of calcium carbonate is strongly heated in excess oxygen. (Ca = 40, C = 12, O = 16) Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of calcium carbonate. CaCO_3(s) CaO(s) + CO_2(g) Step 2: Calculate the molar masses of CaCO_3 and CaO. Molar mass of CaCO_3 = 40 (Ca) + 12 (C) + 3 × 16 (O) = 40 + 12 + 48 = 100 g/mol Molar mass of CaO = 40 (Ca) + 16 (O) = 56 g/mol Step 3: Determine the moles of CaCO_3 given. Moles of CaCO_3 = massmolar mass = 15 g100 g/mol = 0.15 mol Step 4: Use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to find moles of CaO. From the equation, 1 mol of CaCO_3 produces 1 mol of CaO. So, moles of CaO produced = 0.15 mol. Step 5: Calculate the mass of CaO produced. Mass of CaO = moles × molar mass = 0.15 mol × 56 g/mol = 8.4 g The mass of calcium oxide obtained is 8.4 g. b) State three applications of standard electrode potentials. • To predict the feasibility or spontaneity of a redox reaction. • To calculate the electromotive force (EMF) of an electrochemical cell. • To determine the relative strengths of oxidizing and reducing agents. c) (i) What is meant by the term allotropy? Allotropy is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different physical forms (allotropes) in the same physical state. These different forms have distinct physical properties but similar chemical properties. (ii) Apart from carbon, state one element that exhibits allotropy. Sulfur (e.g., rhombic sulfur, monoclinic sulfur) or Phosphorus (e.g., white phosphorus, red phosphorus). d) Give two characteristics of a homologous series. • All members can be represented by a general formula. • Successive members differ by a -CH_2- group. • They show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g., boiling point) as molecular mass increases. • They have similar chemical properties due to the same functional group. e) Give one example each of a: (i) heavy chemical: Sulfuric acid (H_2SO_4) or Ammonia (NH_3). (ii) fine chemical: Aspirin or a specific laboratory reagent. f) State two factors which influence the rate of a chemical reaction. • Concentration of reactants. • Temperature of the reaction mixture. • Surface area of solid reactants. • Presence of a catalyst. Send me the next one 📸