Define molar heat solution. The lattice energy of sodium bromide and hydration energies of sodium and bromide…

Question

Define molar heat solution. The lattice energy of sodium bromide and hydration energies of sodium and bromide ions are 733,406 and 335kJ/mol respectively. (i) Determine the heat of solution of sodium bromide. (ii) Sketch an energy level diagram of the process.

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b)

Pata kiasi cha chumvi W kilichoyeyuka.
Kiasi cha chumvi W kilichoongezwa = $70 \text{ g}$
Kiasi cha fuwele za chumvi W zilizochujwa = $10 \text{ g}$
Kiasi cha chumvi W kilichoyeyuka = $70 \text{ g} - 10 \text{ g} = 60 \text{ g}$
Pata kiasi cha maji kilichotumika.
Kiasi cha maji = $80 \text{ cm}^3$ .
Kwa kuwa msongamano wa maji ni takriban $1 \text{ g/cm}^3$ , kiasi cha maji ni $80 \text{ g}$ .
Kokotoa umumunyifu wa chumvi W.
Umumunyifu hufafanuliwa kama gramu za dutu iliyoyeyuka kwa $100 \text{ g}$ za kimumunyishaji.
$\text{Umumunyifu} = \frac{\text{Kiasi cha chumvi kilichoyeyuka}}{\text{Kiasi cha maji}} \times 100 \text{ g}$ $\text{Umumunyifu} = \frac{60 \text{ g}}{80 \text{ g}} \times 100 \text{ g} = \frac{3}{4} \times 100 \text{ g} = 75 \text{ g}$
b) Umumunyifu wa chumvi W kwa $25^\circ\text{C}$ ni: $\boxed{75 \text{ g/100g ya maji}}$

a)
Joto la molar la myeyusho ni mabadiliko ya entalpia yanayotokea wakati mole moja ya dutu inayeyushwa katika kiasi maalum cha kimumunyishaji ili kuunda myeyusho.

c)
(I)
Tambua nishati ya kimiani na nishati ya haidresheni.
Kutokana na swali, nishati ya kimiani ya sodiamu bromidi ni $733,406 \text{ kJ/mol}$ . (Nishati ya kimiani ni chanya kwa sababu inahitaji nishati kuvunja kimiani).
Nishati ya haidresheni ya ioni za sodiamu na bromidi ni $335 \text{ kJ/mol}$ . (Nishati ya haidresheni hutolewa wakati ioni zinapohaidreti, hivyo ni hasi katika hesabu).
Hivyo, $\Delta H_{\text{kimiani}} = +733,406 \text{ kJ/mol}$
Na $\Delta H_{\text{haidresheni}} = -335 \text{ kJ/mol}$
Kokotoa joto la myeyusho.
Joto la myeyusho ( $\Delta H_{\text{sol}}$ ) ni jumla ya nishati ya kimiani na nishati ya haidresheni.
$\Delta H_{\text{sol}} = \Delta H_{\text{kimiani}} + \Delta H_{\text{haidresheni}}$ $\Delta H_{\text{sol}} = 733,406 \text{ kJ/mol} + (-335 \text{ kJ/mol})$ $\Delta H_{\text{sol}} = 733,406 - 335 \text{ kJ/mol}$ $\Delta H_{\text{sol}} = 733,071 \text{ kJ/mol}$
Kumbuka: Thamani hii ni kubwa isiyo ya kawaida kwa joto la myeyusho, lakini inatokana na nambari zilizotolewa kwenye swali.

c) (I) Joto la myeyusho wa sodiamu bromidi ni: $\boxed{+733,071 \text{ kJ/mol}}$

(II)
Kwa kuwa $\Delta H_{\text{sol}}$ ni chanya, mchakato ni endothermic. Mchoro wa kiwango cha nishati utaonyesha bidhaa zikiwa na nishati ya juu kuliko vitendanishi.
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8] \draw[->] (0,0) -- (0,6) node[above] {Enthalpy}; \draw[->] (0,0) -- (8,0) node[right] {Reaction Progress}; % Initial state \node at (1,1) {$\text{NaBr(s)}$}; \draw[thick] (0.5,1) -- (1.5,1); % Gaseous ions (intermediate) \node at (4,5.5) {$\text{Na}^+\text{(g)} + \text{Br}^-\text{(g)}$}; \draw[thick] (3.5,5.5) -- (4.5,5.5); % Final state (aqueous ions) \node at (7,1.5) {$\text{Na}^+\text{(aq)} + \text{Br}^-\text{(aq)}$}; \draw[thick] (6.5,1.5) -- (7.5,1.5); % Lattice energy \draw[<->, dashed] (1.7,1) -- (3.3,5.5) node[midway, above, sloped] {$\Delta H_{\text{lattice}} = +733,406 \text{ kJ/mol}$}; % Hydration energy \draw[<->, dashed] (4.7,5.5) -- (6.3,1.5) node[midway, below, sloped] {$\Delta H_{\text{hydration}} = -335 \text{ kJ/mol}$}; % Overall heat of solution \draw[<->, thick, blue] (0.7,1.1) -- (6.7,1.6) node[midway, above, sloped, blue] {$\Delta H_{\text{sol}} = +733,071 \text{ kJ/mol}$}; \end{tikzpicture}
c) (II) Mchoro wa kiwango cha nishati ya mchakato:
Mchoro unaonyesha nishati ya kimiani kama hatua ya juu ya nishati (endothermic), ikifuatiwa na nishati ya haidresheni kama kushuka kwa nishati (exothermic). Kwa kuwa nishati ya kimiani ni kubwa zaidi kuliko nishati ya haidresheni, mchakato wa jumla wa myeyusho ni endothermic, na bidhaa za mwisho (ioni za majini) ziko kwenye kiwango cha juu cha nishati kuliko vitendanishi vya awali (chumvi imara).

Define molar heat solution. The lattice energy of sodium bromide and hydration energies of sodium and bromide ions are 733,406 and 335kJ/mol respectively. (i) Determine the heat of solution of sodium bromide. (ii) Sketch an energy level diagram of the process.

Step-by-step solution

Pata kiasi cha chumvi W kilichoyeyuka.

Pata kiasi cha maji kilichotumika.

Kokotoa umumunyifu wa chumvi W.

Tambua nishati ya kimiani na nishati ya haidresheni.

Kokotoa joto la myeyusho.

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