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Define mole, Boyle's Law, allotropes of Carbon and period. Calculate the number of moles in 440g of CO2.

Chemistry

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  1. The term mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions, or other particles) as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams12 \text{ grams} of carbon-12. This number is Avogadro's constant.

  2. Boyle's Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume. Mathematically, this can be expressed as P1V1=P2V2P_1V_1 = P_2V_2.

  3. Two allotropes of Carbon are:

    • Diamond
    • Graphite
    • (Other examples include fullerenes and graphene)
  4. To calculate the number of moles in 440 g440 \text{ g} of CO2\text{CO}_2:

  1. Calculate the molar mass of CO2\text{CO}_2.

    Given atomic mass of $\text{C} = 12$ and $\text{O} = 16$.
    $$
    \text{Molar mass of } \text{CO}_2 = (1 \times 12) + (2 \times 16)
    $$
    $$
    \text{Molar mass of } \text{CO}_2 = 12 + 32
    $$
    $$
    \text{Molar mass of } \text{CO}_2 = 44 \text{ g/mol}
    $$
    
  2. Calculate the number of moles.

    $$
    \text{Number of moles} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}
    $$
    $$
    \text{Number of moles} = \frac{440 \text{ g}}{44 \text{ g/mol}}
    $$
    $$
    \text{Number of moles} = 10 \text{ mol}
    $$
    The number of moles in $440 \text{ g}$ of $\text{CO}_2$ is $\boxed{\text{10 mol}}$.
    

    5. A period in the periodic table is a horizontal row of elements. Elements within the same period have the same number of electron shells.

    1. Avogadro's Constant is approximately 6.022×1023 mol−16.022 \times 10^{23} \text{ mol}^{-1}.

    2. The type of bonding that exists in Sodium Chloride (NaCl\text{NaCl}) is ionic bonding.

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