Explain the separation technique of filtration and list other common separation techniques.

Here are some common separation techniques:

• Filtration
• Evaporation
• Distillation
• Decantation
• Chromatography
• Magnetism
• Sublimation

Filtration is a physical or mechanical operation that separates insoluble solid particles from a fluid (liquid or gas) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. The fluid that passes through is called the filtrate, and the solid particles retained on the filter medium are called the residue or filter cake. This technique is commonly used to separate a suspension, such as sand from water, or to purify a liquid by removing impurities.