This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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16. In an attempt to prevent rusting: Set up X: Iron is in contact with copper. Copper is less reactive than iron. Iron will rust faster* because it acts as the anode and corrodes preferentially. Set up Y: Iron is in contact with zinc. Zinc is more reactive than iron. Zinc will corrode preferentially*, protecting the iron from rusting (sacrificial protection). 17. To separate a mixture of ammonium chloride (NH_4Cl) and sodium chloride (NaCl): Step 1: Heat the mixture gently in an evaporating dish. Step 2: Ammonium chloride will sublime (change directly from solid to gas) and can be collected by deposition on a cool surface (e.g., a watch glass placed over the dish). Step 3: Sodium chloride will remain in the evaporating dish as a solid, as it does not sublime. 18. Three differences between carbon (II) oxide (CO) and carbon (IV) oxide (CO_2): • Carbon (II) oxide (CO) is a neutral oxide, while carbon (IV) oxide (CO_2) is an acidic oxide. • Carbon (II) oxide (CO) is flammable, while carbon (IV) oxide (CO_2) is non-flammable. • Carbon (II) oxide (CO) is highly toxic, while carbon (IV) oxide (CO_2) is non-toxic (though high concentrations can be harmful). 19. a) Aluminium reacts with chlorine gas. 2Al(s) + 3Cl_2(g) → 2AlCl_3(s) b) The type of bond is ionic. The structure formed is a giant ionic lattice. 20. Convert the following values from degrees Celsius to Kelvin: a) 0^ To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15. 0^ + 273.15 = 273.15 K The value is 273.15 K.