This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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11. a) The possible identity of Y is zinc nitrate (Zn(NO_3)_2). b) The name of gas X is nitrogen dioxide. c) The equation for the formation of the white precipitate Q is: Na_2Zn(OH)_4 + 2HCl(aq) → Zn(OH)_2(s) + 2NaCl(aq) + 2H_2O(l) d) One industrial use of gas X (nitrogen dioxide) is in the manufacture of nitric acid. 12. a) These methods are similar because they all involve creating a physical barrier on the surface of the iron object, preventing it from coming into contact with oxygen and water, which are necessary for rusting. b) Galvanized iron objects are better protected even when scratched due to sacrificial protection. Zinc is more reactive than iron, so when the protective zinc layer is scratched, the zinc preferentially corrodes (oxidizes) instead of the iron, thus protecting the iron from rusting. 13. i) Charles's Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, its volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. ii) Step 1: Convert temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin. T_1 = 37^ + 273 = 310 K T_2 = 27^ + 273 = 300 K Step 2: Use the Combined Gas Law formula. (P_1 V_1)/(T_1) = (P_2 V_2)/(T_2) Step 3: Rearrange the formula to solve for P_2. P_2 = (P_1 V_1 T_2)/(V_2 T_1) Step 4: Substitute the given values into the formula. P_2 = (1 atm)(2500 cm^3)(300 K)(500 cm^3)(310 K) Step 5: Calculate the final pressure. P_2 = (750000)/(155000) atm P_2 ≈ 4.8387 atm P_2 ≈ 4.84 atm That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.