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Find the derivative of y = a (3x + 2) and y = e (4x - 1)2.

Mathematics

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4 parts
a

dydx=33x+2log⁡ae\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{3x + 2} \log_a e

b

dydx=84x−1\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{8}{4x - 1}

c

dydx=−21−x2log⁡ae\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{2}{1 - x^2} \log_a e

d

dydx=12(1+x)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2(1 + x)}

Step-by-step solution

12 steps

Here are the derivatives for each part:

Part a· 3 steps

Find the derivative of y=log⁡a(3x+2)y = \log_a (3x + 2)

  1. Use the chain rule.

    Let u=3x+2u = 3x + 2.
    Then y=log⁡auy = \log_a u.

  2. Differentiate yy with respect to uu and uu with respect to xx.

    The derivative of log⁡au\log_a u is dydu=1ulog⁡ae\frac{dy}{du} = \frac{1}{u} \log_a e.
    The derivative of u=3x+2u = 3x + 2 is dudx=3\frac{du}{dx} = 3.

  3. Apply the chain rule formula dydx=dydu×dudx\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \times \frac{du}{dx}.

    dydx=(1ulog⁡ae)×3\frac{dy}{dx} = \left(\frac{1}{u} \log_a e\right) \times 3

    Substitute u=3x+2u = 3x + 2 back into the expression:

    dydx=13x+2×3log⁡ae\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{3x + 2} \times 3 \log_a e dydx=33x+2log⁡ae\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{3}{3x + 2} \log_a e}

Part b

dydx=84x−1\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{8}{4x - 1}

Find the derivative of y=log⁡e(4x−1)2y = \log_e (4x - 1)^2

  1. Use logarithm properties to simplify the expression.

    y=log⁡e(4x−1)2=2log⁡e(4x−1)y = \log_e (4x - 1)^2 = 2 \log_e (4x - 1)

    Let u=4x−1u = 4x - 1. Then y=2log⁡euy = 2 \log_e u.

  2. Differentiate yy with respect to uu and uu with respect to xx.

    The derivative of 2log⁡eu2 \log_e u (or 2ln⁡u2 \ln u) is dydu=2×1u=2u\frac{dy}{du} = 2 \times \frac{1}{u} = \frac{2}{u}.
    The derivative of u=4x−1u = 4x - 1 is dudx=4\frac{du}{dx} = 4.

  3. Apply the chain rule formula dydx=dydu×dudx\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \times \frac{du}{dx}.

    dydx=(2u)×4\frac{dy}{dx} = \left(\frac{2}{u}\right) \times 4

    Substitute u=4x−1u = 4x - 1 back into the expression:

    dydx=24x−1×4\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{2}{4x - 1} \times 4 dydx=84x−1\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{8}{4x - 1}}

Part c

dydx=−21−x2log⁡ae\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{2}{1 - x^2} \log_a e

Find the derivative of y=log⁡a(1−x1+x)y = \log_a \left(\frac{1 - x}{1 + x}\right)

  1. Use logarithm properties to simplify the expression.

    y=log⁡a(1−x)−log⁡a(1+x)y = \log_a (1 - x) - \log_a (1 + x)
  2. Differentiate each term using the chain rule.

    For the first term, ddx(log⁡a(1−x))\frac{d}{dx} (\log_a (1 - x)): Let u=1−xu = 1 - x, so dudx=−1\frac{du}{dx} = -1.

    ddx(log⁡a(1−x))=11−xlog⁡ae×(−1)=−11−xlog⁡ae\frac{d}{dx} (\log_a (1 - x)) = \frac{1}{1 - x} \log_a e \times (-1) = -\frac{1}{1 - x} \log_a e

    For the second term, ddx(log⁡a(1+x))\frac{d}{dx} (\log_a (1 + x)): Let v=1+xv = 1 + x, so dvdx=1\frac{dv}{dx} = 1.

    ddx(log⁡a(1+x))=11+xlog⁡ae×(1)=11+xlog⁡ae\frac{d}{dx} (\log_a (1 + x)) = \frac{1}{1 + x} \log_a e \times (1) = \frac{1}{1 + x} \log_a e
  3. Subtract the derivatives.

    dydx=−11−xlog⁡ae−11+xlog⁡ae\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{1 - x} \log_a e - \frac{1}{1 + x} \log_a e

    Factor out log⁡ae\log_a e:

    dydx=log⁡ae(−11−x−11+x)\frac{dy}{dx} = \log_a e \left(-\frac{1}{1 - x} - \frac{1}{1 + x}\right)

    Combine the fractions:

    dydx=log⁡ae(−(1+x)−(1−x)(1−x)(1+x))\frac{dy}{dx} = \log_a e \left(\frac{-(1 + x) - (1 - x)}{(1 - x)(1 + x)}\right) dydx=log⁡ae(−1−x−1+x1−x2)\frac{dy}{dx} = \log_a e \left(\frac{-1 - x - 1 + x}{1 - x^2}\right) dydx=log⁡ae(−21−x2)\frac{dy}{dx} = \log_a e \left(\frac{-2}{1 - x^2}\right) dydx=−21−x2log⁡ae\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{2}{1 - x^2} \log_a e}

Part d

dydx=12(1+x)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2(1 + x)}

Find the derivative of y=log⁡e1+xy = \log_e \sqrt{1 + x}

  1. Use logarithm properties to simplify the expression.

    y=log⁡e(1+x)1/2=12log⁡e(1+x)y = \log_e (1 + x)^{1/2} = \frac{1}{2} \log_e (1 + x)

    Let u=1+xu = 1 + x. Then y=12log⁡euy = \frac{1}{2} \log_e u.

  2. Differentiate yy with respect to uu and uu with respect to xx.

    The derivative of 12log⁡eu\frac{1}{2} \log_e u (or 12ln⁡u\frac{1}{2} \ln u) is dydu=12×1u=12u\frac{dy}{du} = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{2u}.
    The derivative of u=1+xu = 1 + x is dudx=1\frac{du}{dx} = 1.

  3. Apply the chain rule formula dydx=dydu×dudx\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \times \frac{du}{dx}.

    dydx=(12u)×1\frac{dy}{dx} = \left(\frac{1}{2u}\right) \times 1

    Substitute u=1+xu = 1 + x back into the expression:

    dydx=12(1+x)\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2(1 + x)} dydx=12(1+x)\boxed{\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1}{2(1 + x)}}
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