Evaluate; integral of sec³x dx

Mathematics

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Answer

12(secxtanx+lnsecx+tanx)+C\frac{1}{2}(\sec x \tan x + \ln|\sec x + \tan x|) + C

Step 1: Use integration by parts. Let u=secxu = \sec x and dv=sec2xdxdv = \sec^2 x \, dx. Then du=secxtanxdxdu = \sec x \tan x \, dx and v=tanxv = \tan x.

Step 2: Apply the integration by parts formula: udv=uvvdu\int u \, dv = uv - \int v \, du. sec3xdx=secxtanxtanx(secxtanx)dx\int \sec^3 x \, dx = \sec x \tan x - \int \tan x (\sec x \tan x) \, dx sec3xdx=secxtanxsecxtan2xdx\int \sec^3 x \, dx = \sec x \tan x - \int \sec x \tan^2 x \, dx

Step 3: Use the identity tan2x=sec2x1\tan^2 x = \sec^2 x - 1. sec3xdx=secxtanxsecx(sec2x1)dx\int \sec^3 x \, dx = \sec x \tan x - \int \sec x (\sec^2 x - 1) \, dx sec3xdx=secxtanx(sec3xsecx)dx\int \sec^3 x \, dx = \sec x \tan x - \int (\sec^3 x - \sec x) \, dx

Step 4: Distribute the integral. sec3xdx=secxtanxsec3xdx+secxdx\int \sec^3 x \, dx = \sec x \tan x - \int \sec^3 x \, dx + \int \sec x \, dx

Step 5: Let I=sec3xdxI = \int \sec^3 x \, dx. The equation becomes: I=secxtanxI+secxdxI = \sec x \tan x - I + \int \sec x \, dx

Step 6: Add II to both sides. 2I=secxtanx+secxdx2I = \sec x \tan x + \int \sec x \, dx

Step 7: Evaluate the integral of secx\sec x. secxdx=lnsecx+tanx+C\int \sec x \, dx = \ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C

Step 8: Substitute this back into the equation for 2I2I. 2I=secxtanx+lnsecx+tanx+C2I = \sec x \tan x + \ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C

Step 9: Solve for II. I=12(secxtanx+lnsecx+tanx)+CI = \frac{1}{2} (\sec x \tan x + \ln|\sec x + \tan x|) + C

The final answer is 12(secxtanx+lnsecx+tanx)+C\boxed{\frac{1}{2}(\sec x \tan x + \ln|\sec x + \tan x|) + C}.

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Quick Answer
  1. Let u = x and dv = ^2 x \, dx.
  2. Then du = x x \, dx and v = x.
  3. ^3 x \, dx = x x - x ( x x) \, dx ^3 x \, dx = x x - x ^2 x \, dx Step 3: Use the identity ^2 x = ^2 x - 1.
  4. ^3 x \, dx = x x - x (^2 x - 1) \, dx ^3 x \, dx = x x - (^3 x - x) \, dx Step 4: Distribute the integral.
Evaluate; integral of sec³x dx
Mathematics

This mathematics problem involves applying core mathematical principles and formulas. Below you will find a complete step-by-step solution with detailed explanations for each step, helping you understand not just the answer but the method behind it.

ScanSolve AI Answer
Step 1: Use integration by parts. Let u = x and dv = ^2 x \, dx. Then du = x x \, dx and v = x. Step 2: Apply the integration by parts formula: u \, dv = uv - v \, du. ^3 x \, dx = x x - x ( x x) \, dx ^3 x \, dx = x x - x ^2 x \, dx Step 3: Use the identity ^2 x = ^2 x - 1. ^3 x \, dx = x x - x (^2 x - 1) \, dx ^3 x \, dx = x x - (^3 x - x) \, dx Step 4: Distribute the integral. ^3 x \, dx = x x - ^3 x \, dx + x \, dx Step 5: Let I = ^3 x \, dx. The equation becomes: I = x x - I + x \, dx Step 6: Add I to both sides. 2I = x x + x \, dx Step 7: Evaluate the integral of x. x \, dx = | x + x| + C Step 8: Substitute this back into the equation for 2I. 2I = x x + | x + x| + C Step 9: Solve for I. I = (1)/(2) ( x x + | x + x|) + C The final answer is (1)/(2)( x x + | x + x|) + C.