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Find the first three terms in ascending powers of y in the expansion of (1-y)^(1)/(2).

Mathematics

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Answer

1−12y−18y21 - \frac{1}{2}y - \frac{1}{8}y^2

6

Step-by-step solution

2 steps
  1. Find the first three terms in ascending powers of yy in the expansion of (1−y)12(1-y)^{\frac{1}{2}}.

    We use the binomial series expansion for (1+x)n=1+nx+n(n−1)2!x2+…(1+x)^n = 1 + nx + \frac{n(n-1)}{2!}x^2 + \dots.
    In this case, x=−yx=-y and n=12n=\frac{1}{2}.

    The first term is:

    11

    The second term is nxnx:

    (12)(−y)=−12y\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)(-y) = -\frac{1}{2}y

    The third term is n(n−1)2!x2\frac{n(n-1)}{2!}x^2:

    12(12−1)2!(−y)2\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-1\right)}{2!}(-y)^2 =12(−12)2×1(y2)= \frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{2 \times 1} (y^2) =−142y2= \frac{-\frac{1}{4}}{2} y^2 =−18y2= -\frac{1}{8}y^2

    The first three terms in ascending powers of yy are 1−12y−18y2\boxed{1 - \frac{1}{2}y - \frac{1}{8}y^2}.

  2. Find the coefficient of x−1x^{-1} in the expansion of ((x+1)(2x−1x)3)\left((x+1)\left(2x-\frac{1}{x}\right)^3\right).

    First, we expand (2x−1x)3\left(2x-\frac{1}{x}\right)^3 using the binomial expansion formula (a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3(a+b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3.
    Let a=2xa=2x and b=−1x=−x−1b=-\frac{1}{x} = -x^{-1}.

    (2x−1x)3=(2x)3+3(2x)2(−x−1)+3(2x)(−x−1)2+(−x−1)3\left(2x-\frac{1}{x}\right)^3 = (2x)^3 + 3(2x)^2\left(-x^{-1}\right) + 3(2x)\left(-x^{-1}\right)^2 + \left(-x^{-1}\right)^3 =8x3+3(4x2)(−x−1)+3(2x)(x−2)+(−x−3)= 8x^3 + 3(4x^2)(-x^{-1}) + 3(2x)(x^{-2}) + (-x^{-3}) =8x3−12x2−1+6x1−2−x−3= 8x^3 - 12x^{2-1} + 6x^{1-2} - x^{-3} =8x3−12x+6x−1−x−3= 8x^3 - 12x + 6x^{-1} - x^{-3}

    Now, we need to find the coefficient of x−1x^{-1} in the expansion of (x+1)(8x3−12x+6x−1−x−3)(x+1)\left(8x^3 - 12x + 6x^{-1} - x^{-3}\right).
    We multiply each term in the first bracket by each term in the second bracket and identify terms that result in x−1x^{-1}.

    Terms from x×(8x3−12x+6x−1−x−3)x \times \left(8x^3 - 12x + 6x^{-1} - x^{-3}\right):

    • x⋅(8x3)=8x4x \cdot (8x^3) = 8x^4
    • x⋅(−12x)=−12x2x \cdot (-12x) = -12x^2
    • x⋅(6x−1)=6x0=6x \cdot (6x^{-1}) = 6x^0 = 6
    • x⋅(−x−3)=−x−2x \cdot (-x^{-3}) = -x^{-2} None of these terms result in x−1x^{-1}.

    Terms from 1×(8x3−12x+6x−1−x−3)1 \times \left(8x^3 - 12x + 6x^{-1} - x^{-3}\right):

    • 1⋅(8x3)=8x31 \cdot (8x^3) = 8x^3
    • 1⋅(−12x)=−12x1 \cdot (-12x) = -12x
    • 1⋅(6x−1)=6x−11 \cdot (6x^{-1}) = 6x^{-1} (This term has x−1x^{-1})
    • 1⋅(−x−3)=−x−31 \cdot (-x^{-3}) = -x^{-3} The only term that results in x−1x^{-1} is 6x−16x^{-1}. Therefore, the coefficient of x−1x^{-1} is 6\boxed{6}.
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