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Evaluate the following: i) log5(3/2) + 3 log5(15/2) - log5(81/8) ii) 1/3 log2 64

Mathematics

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2 parts
i

log⁡5(1252)\log_5\left(\frac{125}{2}\right)

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here are the evaluations for the given expressions.

Part i· 3 steps

Evaluate log⁡5(32)+3log⁡5(152)−log⁡5(818)\log_5\left(\frac{3}{2}\right) + 3\log_5\left(\frac{15}{2}\right) - \log_5\left(\frac{81}{8}\right).

  1. Apply the power rule for logarithms, nlog⁡b(x)=log⁡b(xn)n \log_b(x) = \log_b(x^n), to the second term.

    log⁡5(32)+log⁡5((152)3)−log⁡5(818)\log_5\left(\frac{3}{2}\right) + \log_5\left(\left(\frac{15}{2}\right)^3\right) - \log_5\left(\frac{81}{8}\right) log⁡5(32)+log⁡5(15323)−log⁡5(818)\log_5\left(\frac{3}{2}\right) + \log_5\left(\frac{15^3}{2^3}\right) - \log_5\left(\frac{81}{8}\right) log⁡5(32)+log⁡5(33758)−log⁡5(818)\log_5\left(\frac{3}{2}\right) + \log_5\left(\frac{3375}{8}\right) - \log_5\left(\frac{81}{8}\right)
  2. Apply the product rule for logarithms, log⁡b(x)+log⁡b(y)=log⁡b(xy)\log_b(x) + \log_b(y) = \log_b(xy), and the quotient rule, log⁡b(x)−log⁡b(y)=log⁡b(xy)\log_b(x) - \log_b(y) = \log_b\left(\frac{x}{y}\right).

    log⁡5(32×33758818)\log_5\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2} \times \frac{3375}{8}}{\frac{81}{8}}\right)
  3. Simplify the argument of the logarithm.

    log⁡5(3×33752×8×881)\log_5\left(\frac{3 \times 3375}{2 \times 8} \times \frac{8}{81}\right) log⁡5(3×33752×81)\log_5\left(\frac{3 \times 3375}{2 \times 81}\right) log⁡5(10125162)\log_5\left(\frac{10125}{162}\right)

    Divide both numerator and denominator by common factors. 10125÷81=12510125 \div 81 = 125.

    log⁡5(1252)\log_5\left(\frac{125}{2}\right)

    This cannot be simplified further to a simple integer or fraction without using a calculator. However, if the intention was to get a simpler number, let's recheck the calculation.
    Let's re-evaluate the simplification:

    log⁡5(32)+log⁡5(15323)−log⁡5(818)\log_5\left(\frac{3}{2}\right) + \log_5\left(\frac{15^3}{2^3}\right) - \log_5\left(\frac{81}{8}\right) log⁡5(32×15323×881)\log_5\left(\frac{3}{2} \times \frac{15^3}{2^3} \times \frac{8}{81}\right) log⁡5(32×33758×881)\log_5\left(\frac{3}{2} \times \frac{3375}{8} \times \frac{8}{81}\right) log⁡5(3×3375×82×8×81)\log_5\left(\frac{3 \times 3375 \times 8}{2 \times 8 \times 81}\right)

    Cancel out the 8s:

    log⁡5(3×33752×81)\log_5\left(\frac{3 \times 3375}{2 \times 81}\right) log⁡5(10125162)\log_5\left(\frac{10125}{162}\right)

    Divide by 3: 10125÷3=337510125 \div 3 = 3375, 162÷3=54162 \div 3 = 54.

    log⁡5(337554)\log_5\left(\frac{3375}{54}\right)

    Divide by 3 again: 3375÷3=11253375 \div 3 = 1125, 54÷3=1854 \div 3 = 18.

    log⁡5(112518)\log_5\left(\frac{1125}{18}\right)

    Divide by 3 again: 1125÷3=3751125 \div 3 = 375, 18÷3=618 \div 3 = 6.

    log⁡5(3756)\log_5\left(\frac{375}{6}\right)

    Divide by 3 again: 375÷3=125375 \div 3 = 125, 6÷3=26 \div 3 = 2.

    log⁡5(1252)\log_5\left(\frac{125}{2}\right)

    This is the most simplified form.

    The final answer for i) is log⁡5(1252)\boxed{\log_5\left(\frac{125}{2}\right)}.

Part ii2

Evaluate 13log⁡264\frac{1}{3}\log_2 64.

  1. Apply the power rule for logarithms, nlog⁡b(x)=log⁡b(xn)n \log_b(x) = \log_b(x^n).

    log⁡2(6413)\log_2\left(64^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)
  2. Evaluate 641364^{\frac{1}{3}}.

    This is the cube root of 64.

    6413=643=464^{\frac{1}{3}} = \sqrt[3]{64} = 4
  3. Substitute the value back into the logarithm.

    log⁡2(4)\log_2(4)
  4. Determine the power to which 2 must be raised to get 4.

    2x=4  ⟹  x=22^x = 4 \implies x = 2 log⁡2(4)=2\log_2(4) = 2

    The final answer for ii) is 2\boxed{2}.

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