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Find the Fourier series of the function f(x) = 2x+2, & -1 < x < 0 0, & 0 < x < 1

Mathematics

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Graph of f(x) = 2x + 2

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Key points of f(x) = 2x + 2
Pointxy
x-intercept−10
y-intercept02

Step 1: Determine the period and Fourier series formulas.
The function is given as f(x)={2x+2,−1<x<00,0<x<1f(x) = \begin{cases} 2x+2, & -1 < x < 0 \\ 0, & 0 < x < 1 \end{cases}.
The condition f(x+2)=f(x)f(x+2) = f(x) indicates that the function is periodic with period T=2T=2.
For a Fourier series, the period is 2L2L, so 2L=22L=2, which means L=1L=1.
The Fourier series is given by:

f(x)=a02+∑n=1∞(ancos⁡(nπxL)+bnsin⁡(nπxL))f(x) = \frac{a_0}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left( a_n \cos\left(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\right) + b_n \sin\left(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\right) \right)

With L=1L=1, this becomes:

f(x)=a02+∑n=1∞(ancos⁡(nπx)+bnsin⁡(nπx))f(x) = \frac{a_0}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left( a_n \cos(n\pi x) + b_n \sin(n\pi x) \right)

The coefficients are calculated using the following integrals over one period, for example, from −L-L to LL:

a0=1L∫−LLf(x) dx=∫−11f(x) dxa_0 = \frac{1}{L} \int_{-L}^{L} f(x)\,dx = \int_{-1}^{1} f(x)\,dx an=1L∫−LLf(x)cos⁡(nπxL) dx=∫−11f(x)cos⁡(nπx) dxa_n = \frac{1}{L} \int_{-L}^{L} f(x) \cos\left(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\right)\,dx = \int_{-1}^{1} f(x) \cos(n\pi x)\,dx bn=1L∫−LLf(x)sin⁡(nπxL) dx=∫−11f(x)sin⁡(nπx) dxb_n = \frac{1}{L} \int_{-L}^{L} f(x) \sin\left(\frac{n\pi x}{L}\right)\,dx = \int_{-1}^{1} f(x) \sin(n\pi x)\,dx

Step 2: Calculate a0a_0.

a0=∫−11f(x) dxa_0 = \int_{-1}^{1} f(x)\,dx

Since f(x)f(x) is defined piecewise:

a0=∫−10(2x+2) dx+∫010 dxa_0 = \int_{-1}^{0} (2x+2)\,dx + \int_{0}^{1} 0\,dx a0=[x2+2x]−10+0a_0 = \left[ x^2 + 2x \right]_{-1}^{0} + 0
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