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Given A(3, 4), B(-7, 2), and C(1, -2), find the coordinates of the mid-points K of AB and P of AC, and then find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line KP.

Mathematics

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2 parts
a

K(−2,3) and P(2,1)K(-2, 3) \text{ and } P(2, 1)

b

y=2x+2y = 2x + 2

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

Here's the solution to the problem.

Part a· 2 steps

Find the coordinates of the mid-points K of AB and P of AC.

  1. Find the coordinates of K, the midpoint of AB.

    The midpoint formula for two points (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1) and (x2,y2)(x_2, y_2) is (x1+x22,y1+y22)\left(\frac{x_1+x_2}{2}, \frac{y_1+y_2}{2}\right).
    Given A(3,4)(3, 4) and B(−7,2)(-7, 2):

    K=(3+(−7)2,4+22)K = \left(\frac{3 + (-7)}{2}, \frac{4 + 2}{2}\right) K=(−42,62)K = \left(\frac{-4}{2}, \frac{6}{2}\right) K=(−2,3)K = (-2, 3)
  2. Find the coordinates of P, the midpoint of AC.

    Given A(3,4)(3, 4) and C(1,−2)(1, -2):

    P=(3+12,4+(−2)2)P = \left(\frac{3 + 1}{2}, \frac{4 + (-2)}{2}\right) P=(42,22)P = \left(\frac{4}{2}, \frac{2}{2}\right) P=(2,1)P = (2, 1)

    The coordinates are K(−2,3) and P(2,1)\boxed{K(-2, 3) \text{ and } P(2, 1)}.

Part b

y=2x+2y = 2x + 2

Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line KP.

  1. Find the midpoint of the line segment KP.

    Let M be the midpoint of KP. Given K(−2,3)(-2, 3) and P(2,1)(2, 1):

    M=(−2+22,3+12)M = \left(\frac{-2 + 2}{2}, \frac{3 + 1}{2}\right) M=(02,42)M = \left(\frac{0}{2}, \frac{4}{2}\right) M=(0,2)M = (0, 2)
  2. Find the gradient of the line segment KP.

    The gradient formula for two points (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1) and (x2,y2)(x_2, y_2) is m=y2−y1x2−x1m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}.

    mKP=1−32−(−2)m_{KP} = \frac{1 - 3}{2 - (-2)} mKP=−22+2m_{KP} = \frac{-2}{2 + 2} mKP=−24m_{KP} = \frac{-2}{4} mKP=−12m_{KP} = -\frac{1}{2}
  3. Find the gradient of the perpendicular bisector.

    The product of the gradients of two perpendicular lines is −1-1.
    Let m⊥m_{\perp} be the gradient of the perpendicular bisector.

    mKP⋅m⊥=−1m_{KP} \cdot m_{\perp} = -1 −12⋅m⊥=−1-\frac{1}{2} \cdot m_{\perp} = -1 m⊥=−1⋅(−2)m_{\perp} = -1 \cdot (-2) m⊥=2m_{\perp} = 2
  4. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector.

    Using the point-slope form y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1) with midpoint M(0,2)(0, 2) and gradient m⊥=2m_{\perp} = 2:

    y−2=2(x−0)y - 2 = 2(x - 0) y−2=2xy - 2 = 2x y=2x+2y = 2x + 2

    The equation of the perpendicular bisector is y=2x+2\boxed{y = 2x + 2}.

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