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Two sides of a triangle are represented by the vectors m=(2/3) and n=(3/2). If r=pm+qn where r=(-1/5), find the values of the scalars p and q.

Mathematics

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Answer

p=−175,q=135p = -\frac{17}{5}, q = \frac{13}{5}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Substitute the given vectors into the equation r=pm+qnr = pm + qn.

    We are given m=(23)m = \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}, n=(32)n = \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}, and r=(1−5)r = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -5 \end{pmatrix}.

    (1−5)=p(23)+q(32)\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -5 \end{pmatrix} = p \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix} + q \begin{pmatrix} 3 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}
  2. Perform scalar multiplication on the right side of the equation.

    (1−5)=(2p3p)+(3q2q)\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -5 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2p \\ 3p \end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix} 3q \\ 2q \end{pmatrix}
  3. Add the vectors on the right side.

    (1−5)=(2p+3q3p+2q)\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -5 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2p + 3q \\ 3p + 2q \end{pmatrix}
  4. Equate the corresponding components to form a system of linear equations.

    From the top components:

    2p+3q=1(1)2p + 3q = 1 \quad (1)

    From the bottom components:

    3p+2q=−5(2)3p + 2q = -5 \quad (2)
  5. Solve the system of equations for pp and qq.

    Multiply equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 2 to eliminate pp:

    3×(2p+3q=1)  ⟹  6p+9q=3(3)3 \times (2p + 3q = 1) \implies 6p + 9q = 3 \quad (3) 2×(3p+2q=−5)  ⟹  6p+4q=−10(4)2 \times (3p + 2q = -5) \implies 6p + 4q = -10 \quad (4)

    Subtract equation (4) from equation (3):

    (6p+9q)−(6p+4q)=3−(−10)(6p + 9q) - (6p + 4q) = 3 - (-10) 5q=135q = 13 q=135q = \frac{13}{5}

    Substitute the value of qq into equation (1):

    2p+3(135)=12p + 3\left(\frac{13}{5}\right) = 1 2p+395=12p + \frac{39}{5} = 1 2p=1−3952p = 1 - \frac{39}{5} 2p=55−3952p = \frac{5}{5} - \frac{39}{5} 2p=−3452p = -\frac{34}{5} p=−345×2p = \frac{-34}{5 \times 2} p=−3410p = -\frac{34}{10} p=−175p = -\frac{17}{5}

    The values of the scalars are p=−175p = -\frac{17}{5} and q=135q = \frac{13}{5}.

    The final answer is p=−175,q=135p = -\frac{17}{5}, q = \frac{13}{5}.

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