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A body of mass 20 kg is at a height of 0.9 m. Calculate its potential energy and speed at the lowest point.

Physics

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Step-by-step solution

16 steps

Part a(i)· 3 steps

Determine the potential energy at its position.

Given:
Mass m=20 kgm = 20 \text{ kg}
Vertical height h=0.9 mh = 0.9 \text{ m}
Acceleration due to gravity g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2

  1. The formula for potential energy is PE=mghPE = mgh.

  2. Substitute the given values into the formula.

    PE=(20 kg)×(9.8 m/s2)×(0.9 m)PE = (20 \text{ kg}) \times (9.8 \text{ m/s}^2) \times (0.9 \text{ m})
  3. Calculate the potential energy.

    PE=196 N×0.9 mPE = 196 \text{ N} \times 0.9 \text{ m} PE=176.4 JPE = 176.4 \text{ J}

    The potential energy at its position is 176.4 J\boxed{\text{176.4 J}}.

Part a(ii)· 3 steps

Determine the speed of the body when passing through the lowest point.

  1. Apply the principle of conservation of mechanical energy.

    At the initial position, all energy is potential energy (PEi=mghPE_i = mgh, KEi=0KE_i = 0). At the lowest point, all potential energy is converted to kinetic energy (PEf=0PE_f = 0, KEf=12mv2KE_f = \frac{1}{2}mv^2).

    PEi+KEi=PEf+KEfPE_i + KE_i = PE_f + KE_f mgh+0=0+12mv2mgh + 0 = 0 + \frac{1}{2}mv^2
  2. Simplify the equation and solve for vv.

    mgh=12mv2mgh = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 gh=12v2gh = \frac{1}{2}v^2 v2=2ghv^2 = 2gh v=2ghv = \sqrt{2gh}
  3. Substitute the values and calculate the speed.

    v=2×9.8 m/s2×0.9 mv = \sqrt{2 \times 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2 \times 0.9 \text{ m}} v=17.64 m2/s2v = \sqrt{17.64 \text{ m}^2\text{/s}^2} v=4.2 m/sv = 4.2 \text{ m/s}

    The speed of the body when passing through the lowest point is 4.2 m/s\boxed{\text{4.2 m/s}}.

Part b(i)· 3 steps

Determine the work done by the crane.

Given:
Load mass m=2000 kgm = 2000 \text{ kg}
Vertical distance d=3.0 md = 3.0 \text{ m}
Time t=6 st = 6 \text{ s}
Rated power of electric motor Pin=12.5 kWP_{in} = 12.5 \text{ kW}
Acceleration due to gravity g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2

  1. The formula for work done against gravity is W=Fd=mghW = Fd = mgh.

  2. Substitute the given values.

    W=(2000 kg)×(9.8 m/s2)×(3.0 m)W = (2000 \text{ kg}) \times (9.8 \text{ m/s}^2) \times (3.0 \text{ m})
  3. Calculate the work done.

    W=19600 N×3.0 mW = 19600 \text{ N} \times 3.0 \text{ m} W=58800 JW = 58800 \text{ J}

    The work done by the crane is 58800 J\boxed{\text{58800 J}}.

Part b(ii)· 3 steps

Determine the power developed by the crane.

  1. The formula for power is P=WtP = \frac{W}{t}.

  2. Substitute the work done from part (b)(i) and the given time.

    P=58800 J6 sP = \frac{58800 \text{ J}}{6 \text{ s}}
  3. Calculate the power.

    P=9800 WP = 9800 \text{ W} P=9.8 kWP = 9.8 \text{ kW}

    The power developed by the crane is 9.8 kW\boxed{\text{9.8 kW}}.

Part b(iii)· 4 steps

Determine the efficiency of the crane.

  1. The formula for efficiency is η=PoutPin×100%\eta = \frac{P_{out}}{P_{in}} \times 100\%.

  2. Convert the input power to Watts

    Pin=12.5 kW=12.5×1000 W=12500 WP_{in} = 12.5 \text{ kW} = 12.5 \times 1000 \text{ W} = 12500 \text{ W}. The output power PoutP_{out} is the power developed by the crane, which is 9800 W9800 \text{ W} from part (b)(ii).

  3. Substitute the output power and input power into the efficiency formula.

    η=9800 W12500 W×100%\eta = \frac{9800 \text{ W}}{12500 \text{ W}} \times 100\%
  4. Calculate the efficiency.

    η=0.784×100%\eta = 0.784 \times 100\% η=78.4%\eta = 78.4\%

    The efficiency of the crane is 78.4%\boxed{\text{78.4\%}}.

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