A. Define the term "atmospheric pressure"

Here are the answers to your questions.

22. a. Define the term "atmospheric pressure"
Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the air above a given point on Earth's surface. It is measured as force per unit area.

$$\boxed{\text{Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the air above a given point on Earth's surface.}}$$

b. Figure 2 shows one of the factors that affect temperature

(i) Identify the factor shown in the diagram
The diagram illustrates how the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth's surface varies with location.

$$\boxed{\text{Latitude (or Angle of incidence of solar radiation)}}$$

(ii) Explain how the factor affects temperature
At lower latitudes (near the equator), the sun's rays hit the Earth more directly, concentrating solar energy over a smaller area, which results in higher temperatures. At higher latitudes (towards the poles), the sun's rays strike at a more oblique angle, spreading the same amount of energy over a larger area, leading to lower temperatures.

c. Explain how each of the following activities increase people's vulnerability to natural disasters

(i) Deforestation
Deforestation removes trees that help stabilize soil and absorb water. This leads to increased soil erosion, making areas more prone to landslides and flash floods, especially during heavy rainfall.

(iii) Air pollution
Air pollution contributes to climate change by trapping heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. This can intensify extreme weather events such as prolonged droughts, severe heatwaves, and more frequent and intense storms, increasing vulnerability to these disasters.

(iv) Name any two drought prone districts in the Southern region of Malawi

$$\boxed{\text{Chikwawa, Nsanje}}$$