Mention two sources of excitation for transient circuits and what is the basis for classifying transient circuits as either first order or second order circuits?

Here are the solutions to the questions:

Q.1 (a) Mention two sources of excitation for transient circuits.

• Switches: Opening or closing of switches in a circuit, which causes an abrupt change in the circuit configuration.
• Independent sources: Sudden application or removal of a DC or AC voltage or current source.

Q.1 (b) What is the basis for classifying transient circuits as either first order or second order circuits?
The classification of transient circuits as first-order or second-order is based on the number of independent energy storage elements in the circuit after the switch action. A first-order circuit contains only one independent energy storage element (a single capacitor or inductor, or an equivalent combination). Its behavior is described by a first-