This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
ScanSolve AI Answer
Here are the solutions to the questions based on the image: a) Calculate the heat lost by the pendulum bob. To find the heat lost by the pendulum bob, we first need to calculate the heat gained by the water, assuming no heat loss to the surroundings. b) Calculate the heat gained by the water. Step 1: Identify the given values for water. Mass of water (m_w) = 150 g = 0.15 kg Specific heat capacity of water (c_w) = 4200 J kg^-1 K^-1 Initial temperature of water (_wi) = 25 °C Final temperature of water (_wf) = 30 °C Change in temperature of water ( _w) = _wf - _wi = 30 °C - 25 °C = 5 °C Step 2: Calculate the heat gained by the water. Q_w = m_w c_w _w Q_w = (0.15 kg) × (4200 J kg^-1 K^-1) × (5 K) Q_w = 3150 J The heat gained by the water is 3150 J. Now, we can answer part (a). Assuming that all the heat lost by the pendulum bob is gained by the water: Q_lost, bob = Q_gained, water Q_lost, bob = 3150 J The heat lost by the pendulum bob is 3150 J. c) Calculate the specific heat capacity of the material of the pendulum bob. Step 1: Identify the given values for the pendulum bob and the heat lost. Mass of pendulum bob (m_b) = 100 g = 0.1 kg Initial temperature of pendulum bob (_bi) = 100 °C Final temperature of pendulum bob (_bf) = 30 °C Change in temperature of pendulum bob ( _b) = _bi - _bf = 100 °C - 30 °C = 70 °C Heat lost by pendulum bob (Q_b) = 3150 J (from part a) Step 2: Calculate the specific heat capacity of the pendulum bob (c_b). Q_b = m_b c_b _b c_b = (Q_b)/(m_b _b) c_b = 3150 J(0.1 kg) × (70 K) c_b = (3150)/(7) J kg^-1 K^-1 c_b = 450 J kg^-1 K^-1 The specific heat capacity of the material of the pendulum bob is 450 J kg^-1 K^-1. d) State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results. • Transfer the pendulum bob quickly from beaker A to beaker B to minimize heat loss to the surroundings during transfer. • Stir the water in beaker B continuously to ensure uniform heat distribution and an accurate final equilibrium temperature reading. e) State two sources of error in the experiment. • Heat loss to the surroundings: Some heat may be lost from the hot pendulum bob or the water to the air and the beaker, which is not accounted for. • Incomplete heat transfer: The pendulum bob might not have reached exactly 100 °C in the boiling water, or not all its heat was transferred to the water in beaker B. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.