This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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You're on a roll — Step 1: Answer Question 4. a)* Equation for the dehydration of Ethanedioic acid: (COOH)_2(l) conc. H_2SO_4, heat CO(g) + CO_2(g) + H_2O(l) b)* To obtain pure Carbon (II) oxide (CO) from a mixture of CO and CO_2: Pass the mixture of gases through a solution of a strong alkali, such as concentrated potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The carbon (IV) oxide (CO_2) will react with the alkali and be absorbed, while the carbon (II) oxide (CO) will pass through unreacted. 2KOH(aq) + CO_2(g) K_2CO_3(aq) + H_2O(l) Step 2: Answer Question 5. i) Graphite is slippery because it has a layered structure. Within each layer, carbon atoms are strongly bonded, but the forces between the layers are weak van der Waals forces. These weak forces allow the layers to slide easily over each other*, making graphite slippery. ii) Diamond is used in cutting glass because it has a giant covalent structure where each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four other carbon atoms. This forms a very strong, rigid three-dimensional lattice, making diamond the hardest known natural substance*. Step 3: Answer Question 6. i) Carbon (IV) oxide (CO_2) neither burns nor supports combustion because it is already a fully oxidized compound and is very stable. However, burning magnesium continues to burn in CO_2 because magnesium is a highly reactive metal that can reduce carbon (IV) oxide* to carbon, taking the oxygen to form magnesium oxide. This reaction is exothermic and sustains the burning of magnesium. 2Mg(s) + CO_2(g) 2MgO(s) + C(s) ii)* Two properties of Carbon (IV) oxide that make it suitable for putting off petrol fires: It is denser than air*, so it forms a blanket over the fire, cutting off the supply of oxygen. It is non-flammable and does not support combustion*. Step 4: Answer Question 7. Graphite is a poor conductor of electricity at high temperatures because, although it has delocalized electrons, at high temperatures the carbon atoms (ions) in the lattice vibrate more vigorously. This increased vibration leads to more frequent collisions between the delocalized electrons and the vibrating atoms*, hindering the flow of electrons and thus increasing electrical resistance. Step 5: Answer Question 8. i) The conditions necessary for the reaction to occur are heat and concentrated sulfuric acid* (conc. H_2SO_4) as a dehydrating agent. ii) Z is a drying agent (e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride). Its role is to remove water vapor* from the gaseous products (CO and CO_2). iii)* The equation for the reaction is: (COOH)_2(l) conc. H_2SO_4, heat CO(g) + CO_2(g) + H_2O(l) iv) Carbon (II) oxide (CO) is collected over water because it is insoluble or sparingly soluble* in water. v) Carbon (II) oxide is not collected by upward delivery because upward delivery (downward displacement of air) is used for gases that are denser than air. Carbon (II) oxide has a molar mass of approximately 28 g/mol, which is slightly less dense than air* (average molar mass approximately 29 g/mol). Therefore, it cannot be effectively collected by upward delivery. Got more? Send 'em!