This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here's the solution to your question: a) Graphite is used as an electrode because it is a good conductor of electricity and it is inert (unreactive) with the electrolyte and products of the reaction. b) (i) The electrolyte is concentrated sodium chloride solution. The ions present include: Na^+ and Cl^- (ii) The solution would be alkaline. Explanation: During the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride, chloride ions (Cl^-) are discharged at the anode, and hydrogen ions (H^+) from water are discharged at the cathode. This leaves an excess of hydroxide ions (OH^-) and sodium ions (Na^+) in the solution, forming sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a strong alkali. The reaction at the cathode is: 2H_2O(l) + 2e^- H_2(g) + 2OH^-(aq) c) (i) To calculate the number of moles in 0.025 g of hydrogen gas (H_2): Molar mass of H_2 = 2 × 1.0 g/mol = 2.0 g/mol Moles of gas = MassMolar mass Moles of gas = 0.025 g2.0 g/mol Moles of gas = 0.0125 mol (ii) To calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced at room temperature and pressure (RTP), where 1 mole of gas = 24 dm^3: Volume of gas = Moles × Molar volume at RTP Volume of gas = 0.0125 mol × 24 dm^3/mol Volume of gas = 0.3 dm^3