Explain the properties of subatomic particles and their interactions.

You're on a roll — here are the answers to Exercise 3.15: 1. Tell the mass and charge of the fundamental particles of an atom. Proton (P^+): Mass: 1.673 × 10^-27 kg or 1.0073 amu Charge: +1.59 × 10^-19 C or +1 (relative charge) Neutron (n^0): Mass: 1.675 × 10^-27 kg or 1.0087 amu Charge: No charge or 0 (relative charge) Electron (e^-): Mass: 9 × 10^-31 kg or 5.4858 × 10^-4 amu Charge: -1.59 × 10^-19 C or -1 (relative charge) 2. Compare the masses of protons and neutrons. The mass of a proton is approximately 1.673 × 10^-27 kg (1.0073 amu). The mass of a neutron is approximately 1.675 × 10^-27 kg (1.0087 amu). Protons and neutrons have very similar masses, with the neutron being slightly heavier than the proton. 3. Compare the charges of electrons and protons. The charge of a proton is +1.59 × 10^-19 C (relative charge +1). The charge of an electron is -1.59 × 10^-19 C (relative charge -1). Protons and electrons have charges of equal magnitude but opposite signs. 4. Neutrons are neither attracted to nor repelled from the objects; they don't interact with protons or electrons. Explain? Neutrons have no electric charge (relative charge 0). Electrostatic forces of attraction or repulsion only occur between charged particles. Since neutrons are electrically neutral, they do not experience these forces and therefore do not interact electromagnetically with charged particles like protons and electrons. 5. Why is the mass of an atom depends only on the mass of protons and neutrons? The mass of an electron (9 × 10^-31 kg) is significantly smaller than the mass of a proton (1.673 × 10^-27 kg) or a neutron (1.675 × 10^-27 kg). Specifically, an electron's mass is about (1)/(1836) of a proton's mass. Due to this negligible mass contribution, the total mass of an atom is primarily determined by the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons, which are located in the nucleus. What's next?