What are the definitions of matter, states of matter, chemical properties, elements, compounds, and types of mixtures?

Here are the answers to the questions:

1. C. Matter is best defined as anything that has mass and occupies space.
2. C. Energy is not a state of matter; solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter.
3. D. The ability to rust is a chemical property because it involves a chemical change in the substance.
4. C. Oxygen ($\text{O}_2$) is an element. Water, sodium chloride, and sugar are compounds.
5. C. Water ($\text{H}_2\text{O}$) is a compound, formed from hydrogen and oxygen atoms chemically bonded together.
6. C. A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition and properties throughout.
7. D. Sand and water form a heterogeneous mixture because the sand particles do not dissolve and are visibly distinct from the water.