W ni elementi yenye nambari atomi 13. Eleza mpangilio wa elektroni wa ioni imara zaidi ya W (ii) fomula ya oksidi ya elementi W (iii) Kwa nini mionzi ya ioni ya elementi W ni kubwa kuliko mionzi ya at

Haya hapa majibu ya maswali yako:

1.

• i) Electronic configuration of the most stable ion of W: Element W has an atomic number 13, which is Aluminum (Al). Electronic configuration of Al: 2.8.3. To achieve stability, Al loses 3 electrons to form an ion with a charge of $+3$. Electronic configuration of $\text{W}^{3+}$ (or $\text{Al}^{3+}$): 2.8.

  $$\boxed{2.8}$$

• ii) Formula of the oxide of the element W: Element W forms $\text{W}^{3+}$ ions. Oxygen forms $\text{O}^{2-}$ ions. To balance the charges, two $\text{W}^{3+}$ ions combine with three $\text{O}^{2-}$ ions.

  $$\boxed{\text{W}_2\text{O}_3}$$

2.

• a) Would these form part of a metallic or a non-metallic group? Explain. These elements would form part of a non-metallic group. Explanation: For all the elements (W, X, Y, Z), the ionic radius is larger than the atomic radius. This occurs when an atom gains electrons to form a negatively charged ion (anion). Non-metals typically gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

• b) Suggest an element in the table above likely to be the most reactive. Explain. The most reactive element is likely X. Explanation: For non-metals, reactivity generally increases with a smaller atomic radius because the nucleus has a stronger attraction for incoming electrons, making it easier to gain electrons. Element X has the smallest atomic radius (0.072 nm) among the given elements, indicating a stronger nuclear pull on valence electrons.

3.

• a) Explain why the metals magnesium and aluminium are good conductors of electricity.