This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
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You're on a roll — here are the solutions: 8. a) Sketch, on the diagram, the path followed by the second sound. The second sound is an echo. It travels from the boy to the wall, reflects, and then travels from the wall to the girl. The path is shown below: ` Wall ------------------------------------------------------------------- /|\ /|\ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ Boy-----d--------------------------------------------------Girl <----------------------- 200 m ---------------------------> ` (Imagine a line from Boy to a point on the wall, then from that point on the wall to Girl. The perpendicular distance 'd' is from Boy/Girl to the wall.) b) Determine the length of the path followed by the second sound. Step 1: Determine the speed of sound from the direct path. The first sound travels directly from the boy to the girl, a distance of 200 \, m, in 0.6 \, s. v = DistanceTime = (200 \, m)/(0.6 \, s) = (1000)/(3) \, m/s Step 2: Determine the total time taken for the second sound. The second sound is heard 0.25 \, s after the first sound. t_second = t_first + 0.25 \, s = 0.6 \, s + 0.25 \, s = 0.85 \, s Step 3: Calculate the length of the path followed by the second sound. L_second = v × t_second = (1000)/(3) \, m/s × 0.85 \, s L_second = (850)/(3) \, m L_second ≈ 283.33 \, m The length of the path followed by the second sound is 283.33 m. 9. A person standing out in an illuminated garden at night is observed to have two shadows of different sharpness. Explain this observation. This observation occurs because there are at least two different light sources illuminating the person. Each light source casts its own shadow. The sharpness of a shadow depends on the size and distance of the light source. A smaller or more distant light source produces a sharper shadow (umbra), while a larger or closer light source produces a less sharp, fuzzy shadow (penumbra). Therefore, the two shadows of different sharpness indicate that the light sources are of different sizes, intensities, or positions. 10. Identify the type of charge induced at X and Y. When a positively charged metal sphere is brought near an uncharged metallic object, electrostatic induction occurs. The free electrons in the uncharged metallic object are attracted towards the positively charged sphere. • At point X (closer to the positive sphere), negative charges will accumulate due to the attraction of electrons. • At point Y (further from the positive sphere), there will be a deficiency of electrons, resulting in an accumulation of positive charges. Charge at X: Negative Charge at Y: Positive What's next?