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A celestial body has a mass of 5.98 x 10²⁴ kg. An object is at a distance of 6,371 km from the center of the body. Calculate the escape velocity required for the object to break free from a celestial body's gravitational pull.

Physics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Answer

11.2 kms−1\text{11.2 kms}^{-1}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Identify the given values and the formula for escape velocity.

    The mass of the celestial body is M=5.98×1024 kgM = 5.98 \times 10^{24} \text{ kg}.
    The distance from the center of the body (radius) is R=6,371 kmR = 6,371 \text{ km}.
    The gravitational constant is G=6.67×10−11 Nm2kg−2G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \text{ Nm}^2\text{kg}^{-2}.

    The formula for escape velocity (vev_e) is:

    ve=2GMRv_e = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}}
  2. Convert all values to SI units.

    The mass MM is already in kilograms (kg).
    The gravitational constant GG is already in Nm2kg−2\text{Nm}^2\text{kg}^{-2}.
    The radius RR needs to be converted from kilometers to meters:

    R=6,371 km=6,371×103 m=6.371×106 mR = 6,371 \text{ km} = 6,371 \times 10^3 \text{ m} = 6.371 \times 10^6 \text{ m}
  3. Substitute the values into the escape velocity formula and calculate.

    ve=2×(6.67×10−11 Nm2kg−2)×(5.98×1024 kg)6.371×106 mv_e = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times (6.67 \times 10^{-11} \text{ Nm}^2\text{kg}^{-2}) \times (5.98 \times 10^{24} \text{ kg})}{6.371 \times 10^6 \text{ m}}} ve=2×6.67×5.98×10−11+246.371×106 m/sv_e = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times 6.67 \times 5.98 \times 10^{-11+24}}{6.371 \times 10^6}} \text{ m/s} ve=79.7732×10136.371×106 m/sv_e = \sqrt{\frac{79.7732 \times 10^{13}}{6.371 \times 10^6}} \text{ m/s} ve=(79.77326.371)×1013−6 m/sv_e = \sqrt{\left(\frac{79.7732}{6.371}\right) \times 10^{13-6}} \text{ m/s} ve=12.5212×107 m/sv_e = \sqrt{12.5212 \times 10^7} \text{ m/s}

    To take the square root, we can rewrite 10710^7 as 10×10610 \times 10^6:

    ve=125.212×106 m/sv_e = \sqrt{125.212 \times 10^6} \text{ m/s} ve=125.212×106 m/sv_e = \sqrt{125.212} \times \sqrt{10^6} \text{ m/s} ve≈11.189×103 m/sv_e \approx 11.189 \times 10^3 \text{ m/s}
  4. Convert the result to kilometers per second (km/s).

    ve≈11.189×103 m/s=11.189 km/sv_e \approx 11.189 \times 10^3 \text{ m/s} = 11.189 \text{ km/s}

    Rounding to one decimal place, ve≈11.2 km/sv_e \approx 11.2 \text{ km/s}.

    The final answer is 11.2 kms−1\text{11.2 kms}^{-1}.

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