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Calculate the acceleration for each car.

Physics

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Answer

12.5 m\text{12.5 m}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Calculate the acceleration for each car.

    The formula for constant acceleration starting from rest is a=vta = \frac{v}{t}.

    For Car A:
    Initial velocity uA=0 m/su_A = 0 \text{ m/s}
    Final velocity vA=5 m/sv_A = 5 \text{ m/s}
    Time tA=5 st_A = 5 \text{ s}

    aA=vAtA=5 m/s5 s=1 m/s2a_A = \frac{v_A}{t_A} = \frac{5 \text{ m/s}}{5 \text{ s}} = 1 \text{ m/s}^2

    For Car B:
    Initial velocity uB=0 m/su_B = 0 \text{ m/s}
    Final velocity vB=3 m/sv_B = 3 \text{ m/s}
    Time tB=10 st_B = 10 \text{ s}

    aB=vBtB=3 m/s10 s=0.3 m/s2a_B = \frac{v_B}{t_B} = \frac{3 \text{ m/s}}{10 \text{ s}} = 0.3 \text{ m/s}^2
  2. Calculate velocities at five instants of time for plotting.

    We will calculate velocities at t=0,2.5,5,7.5,10 st = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 \text{ s} to cover the relevant time range up to 10 s10 \text{ s}.
    The velocity for constant acceleration is v=u+atv = u + at. Since u=0u=0, v=atv=at.

    For Car A (aA=1 m/s2a_A = 1 \text{ m/s}^2):

    • At t=0 st = 0 \text{ s}, vA=1×0=0 m/sv_A = 1 \times 0 = 0 \text{ m/s}
    • At t=2.5 st = 2.5 \text{ s}, vA=1×2.5=2.5 m/sv_A = 1 \times 2.5 = 2.5 \text{ m/s}
    • At t=5 st = 5 \text{ s}, vA=1×5=5 m/sv_A = 1 \times 5 = 5 \text{ m/s}
    • For t>5 st > 5 \text{ s}, Car A maintains its velocity of 5 m/s5 \text{ m/s}.
    • At t=7.5 st = 7.5 \text{ s}, vA=5 m/sv_A = 5 \text{ m/s}
    • At t=10 st = 10 \text{ s}, vA=5 m/sv_A = 5 \text{ m/s}

    For Car B (aB=0.3 m/s2a_B = 0.3 \text{ m/s}^2):

    • At t=0 st = 0 \text{ s}, vB=0.3×0=0 m/sv_B = 0.3 \times 0 = 0 \text{ m/s}
    • At t=2.5 st = 2.5 \text{ s}, vB=0.3×2.5=0.75 m/sv_B = 0.3 \times 2.5 = 0.75 \text{ m/s}
    • At t=5 st = 5 \text{ s}, vB=0.3×5=1.5 m/sv_B = 0.3 \times 5 = 1.5 \text{ m/s}
    • At t=7.5 st = 7.5 \text{ s}, vB=0.3×7.5=2.25 m/sv_B = 0.3 \times 7.5 = 2.25 \text{ m/s}
    • At t=10 st = 10 \text{ s}, vB=0.3×10=3 m/sv_B = 0.3 \times 10 = 3 \text{ m/s}
  3. Describe the velocity-time graphs.

    To plot the graphs on the same axes (time on x-axis, velocity on y-axis):

    • Car A: The graph starts at (0,0)(0,0). It is a straight line with a positive slope (representing constant acceleration) from (0,0)(0,0) to (5 s,5 m/s)(5 \text{ s}, 5 \text{ m/s}). After 5 s5 \text{ s}, the velocity remains constant at 5 m/s5 \text{ m/s}, so the graph becomes a horizontal line from (5 s,5 m/s)(5 \text{ s}, 5 \text{ m/s}) to (10 s,5 m/s)(10 \text{ s}, 5 \text{ m/s}).
    • Car B: The graph starts at (0,0)(0,0). It is a straight line with a positive slope (representing constant acceleration) from (0,0)(0,0) to (10 s,3 m/s)(10 \text{ s}, 3 \text{ m/s}).
  4. Calculate the displacement using the graph.

    Displacement is the area under the velocity-time graph for the specified time intervals.

    For Car A (interval 0 s0 \text{ s} to 5 s5 \text{ s}):
    The graph forms a triangle with base 5 s5 \text{ s} and height 5 m/s5 \text{ m/s}.

    SA=12×base×height=12×5 s×5 m/s=12.5 mS_A = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height} = \frac{1}{2} \times 5 \text{ s} \times 5 \text{ m/s} = 12.5 \text{ m}

    The displacement for Car A is 12.5 m\boxed{\text{12.5 m}}.

    For Car B (interval 0 s0 \text{ s} to 10 s10 \text{ s}):
    The graph forms a triangle with base 10 s10 \text{ s} and height 3 m/s3 \text{ m/s}.

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