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The figure below shows a toolbox of weight 300N on a rough horizontal plane having a coefficient of friction as 0.2. Calculate the magnitude of the force which can pull the box while acting at an angle of 25 degrees with the horizontal.

Physics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Answer

60.6 N\text{60.6 N}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Identify the given values and set up the force equilibrium equations.

    The weight of the toolbox, W=300 NW = 300 \, \text{N} (taken from the diagram, as it is more clearly indicated than the text).
    The coefficient of friction, μ=0.2\mu = 0.2.
    The angle of the pulling force with the horizontal, θ=25∘\theta = 25^\circ.

    Let PP be the magnitude of the pulling force and RR be the normal force exerted by the surface on the toolbox. The friction force fff_f opposes the motion.
    The friction force is given by:

    ff=μRf_f = \mu R

    For vertical equilibrium (no vertical acceleration):
    The sum of upward forces equals the sum of downward forces.
    The upward forces are the normal force RR and the vertical component of the pulling force Psin⁡θP \sin \theta.
    The downward force is the weight WW.

    R+Psin⁡θ=WR + P \sin \theta = W R=W−Psin⁡θ(1)R = W - P \sin \theta \quad (1)

    For horizontal equilibrium (constant velocity or on the verge of motion):
    The sum of forces in the direction of motion equals the sum of forces opposing motion.
    The force in the direction of motion is the horizontal component of the pulling force Pcos⁡θP \cos \theta.
    The force opposing motion is the friction force fff_f.

    Pcos⁡θ=ff(2)P \cos \theta = f_f \quad (2)
  2. Substitute the friction force into the horizontal equilibrium equation.

    Substitute ff=μRf_f = \mu R into equation (2):

    Pcos⁡θ=μRP \cos \theta = \mu R
  3. Substitute the expression for the normal force RR from equation (1).

    Pcos⁡θ=μ(W−Psin⁡θ)P \cos \theta = \mu (W - P \sin \theta) Pcos⁡θ=μW−μPsin⁡θP \cos \theta = \mu W - \mu P \sin \theta
  4. Rearrange the equation to solve for PP.

    Move all terms containing PP to one side:

    Pcos⁡θ+μPsin⁡θ=μWP \cos \theta + \mu P \sin \theta = \mu W

    Factor out PP:

    P(cos⁡θ+μsin⁡θ)=μWP (\cos \theta + \mu \sin \theta) = \mu W

    Solve for PP:

    P=μWcos⁡θ+μsin⁡θP = \frac{\mu W}{\cos \theta + \mu \sin \theta}
  5. Substitute the numerical values and calculate PP.

    Given W=300 NW = 300 \, \text{N}, μ=0.2\mu = 0.2, and θ=25∘\theta = 25^\circ.
    First, calculate cos⁡25∘\cos 25^\circ and sin⁡25∘\sin 25^\circ:
    cos⁡25∘≈0.9063\cos 25^\circ \approx 0.9063
    sin⁡25∘≈0.4226\sin 25^\circ \approx 0.4226

    Now substitute these values into the equation for PP:

    P=0.2×3000.9063+0.2×0.4226P = \frac{0.2 \times 300}{0.9063 + 0.2 \times 0.4226} P=600.9063+0.08452P = \frac{60}{0.9063 + 0.08452} P=600.99082P = \frac{60}{0.99082} P≈60.5555 NP \approx 60.5555 \, \text{N}

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    P≈60.6 NP \approx 60.6 \, \text{N}

    The magnitude of the force required to pull the box is 60.6 N\text{60.6 N}.

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