This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
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9. b) Two ways of reducing tension (surface tension) are: • Increasing the temperature of the liquid. • Adding impurities such as detergents or alcohol to the liquid. 10. Step 1: Identify the forces and distances from the pivot. The system is balanced, so the principle of moments applies: sum of clockwise moments = sum of anticlockwise moments. Mass of the 2 kg block, m_1 = 2 kg Distance of the 2 kg block from the pivot, d_1 = 2 m Mass of the log, m_2 = 100 kg Let the distance of the center of gravity of the log from the pivot be d_2. Step 2: Calculate the moments. The force due to the 2 kg mass creates a clockwise moment: Moment_clockwise = F_1 × d_1 = (m_1 g) × d_1 = (2 kg × g) × 2 m = 4g Nm The force due to the log's mass (acting at its center of gravity) creates an anticlockwise moment: Moment_anticlockwise = F_2 × d_2 = (m_2 g) × d_2 = (100 kg × g) × d_2 = 100g d_2 Nm Step 3: Equate the moments and solve for d_2. Moment_clockwise = Moment_anticlockwise 4g = 100g d_2 Divide both sides by g: 4 = 100 d_2 d_2 = (4)/(100) d_2 = 0.04 m The distance of the centre of gravity of the log from the pivot is 0.04 m. 11. i) This motion is caused by the random collisions of invisible air molecules with the smoke particles. ii) If the temperature in the cell is increased, the air molecules gain more kinetic energy and move faster. This causes them to collide with the smoke particles more frequently and with greater force, resulting in more vigorous and faster random motion of the smoke particles. 12. As a partially inflated balloon rises to a higher altitude, the atmospheric pressure outside the balloon decreases. The pressure inside the balloon is then greater than the external pressure, causing the gas inside to expand. This expansion continues until the internal pressure equals the external pressure, or until the balloon is fully inflated, in accordance with Boyle's Law (P_1V_1 = P_2V_2). 3 done, 2 left today. You're making progress.